Stable isotopes, plant VOCs and secondary organic aerosols in biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange

From ERAC Edu

Time: November 28 - 30, 2006

Place: Hotel Savonia

University of Kuopio, Kuopio (Maps and connections)

Tietoteknia (the building number 13 on the map)

Credits: 3.0 credit points

Language: English

Organizer: The EU Marie Curie Research and Training Network "Ecological and physiological functions of biogenic isoprenoids and their impact on the environment" (ISONET)

The European Science Foundation Programme "Volatile Organic Compounds in the Biosphere Atmosphere System" (VOCBAS)

The Nordic Centre of Excellence for Studies of Ecosystem Carbon Exchange (NECC)

Environmental Risk Assessment Center (ERAC)

Course leader:Dr. Jarmo Holopainen, University of Kuopio

Course description: Carbon exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere needs to be better understood to increase our knowledge of the ecological effects and feedback systems of climate change. In addition to CO2 and methane released from the biosphere to the atmosphere, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) might have an important role in atmospheric carbon balance and ecosystem adaptation to a warming climate. Terrestrial plants are estimated to release about 500 Tg of carbon (C) per year as isoprene, and probably a greater amount of C as other VOCs. The total loss of C as VOC emissions from vegetation can be up to 36% of the C fixed by photosynthesis. Why do plants synthesise and release these compounds without storing them? There is experimental evidence suggesting that VOCs such as isoprenoids may have a role in protecting plants against abiotic stresses that damage cell membranes, such as elevated temperatures and ozone. The powerful antioxidant action of isoprenoids in the leaves and atmosphere and their key role in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation has recently received experimental support. However, the definitive reason(s) why plants emit isoprenoids and other VOCs are currently unknown and the true roles of this emission remain elusive.

The EU Marie Curie Research and Training Network ISONET and the European Science Foundation Programme VOCBAS are established to educate researchers who will be able to understand and investigate complex biological questions (such as the function of plant isoprenoids and other volatiles) using an integrated functional/environmental genomic approach and by applying stateoftheart and innovative facilities to carry out their research. The ISONET VOCBAS short course is part of this training.

The course is aimed to:

• give some examples of the possibilities for isotope ratio massspectrometry

and stable carbon isotope techniques for detection of the source of carbon fixed in photosynthesis by plants

• describe how plant VOCs participate in secondary aerosol formation and to demonstrate the

methodology used in the investigation of these processes

Additional information In addition to participants from the ISONET training network a limited number of students from the Nordic Centre of Excellence NECC and the related Nordic Graduate School CBACCI as well as students affiliated to the VOCBAS community can be accepted on the course. The separate application form should be sent no later than September 29, 2006 to the course leader Dr. Jarmo Holopainen by email (jarmo.holopainen at uku.fi). Inquiries related to the course can be sent to the same email address or course coordinator Dr. James Blande (james.blande at uku.fi).

ISONET students will give oral presentations on the last day of the course. Other students will present their research in posters. Posters will be available for discussion during and after the coffee and lunch breaks at the hotel Savonia. The course is equivalent to 3.0 ECTS credits. That will include participation to all lectures and demonstrations, preparation of own presentation and the reading package provided by the lecturers. There is no examination. Participation fee is 50 e including lunch, dinner and coffee.

Further information: Dr. James Blande (james.blande at uku.fi)

Time schedule:

Date	Lecture
Tuesday, November 28 Hotel Savonia, Sammakkolammentie 2, Kuopio
	Isotope ratio mass-spectrometry in carbon exchange studies Discussion Leader: Jörg-Peter Schnitzler, (IMKIFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany)
15.30-15.45	Opening of the course Jarmo Holopainen (Univ. Kuopio, Finland) & Francesco Loreto (CNR, Rome, Italy)
15.45-16.30	Isotope ratio massspectrometry: applications Nina Buchmann (ETH, Zurich Switzerland)
16.30-17.15	Carbon isotope discrimination during photosynthesis Enrico Brugnoli (CNR, Rome, Italy)
	Coffee Break and Posters
17.45-18.30	GC/IRMS applications to biosphere-atmosphere C and O studies Dan Yakir (ESER, Rehoboth, Israel)
18.30-19.15	Soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change Ivan Janssens (Univ Anwerpen, Belgium)
	Discussion
Wednesday, November 29 Tietoteknia, TTA
	Biosphere-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Discussion Leader: Josep Penuelas (CSIC-CREAF, Barcelona, Spain)
9-9.45	C-13 values of air and organic matter in forest ecosystems Peter Högberg (SLU, Umeå, Sweden)
	Coffee Break
10.15-11.00	Plant isoprenoid emissions under elevated CO2 Russ Monson (Univ. Colorado, USA)
11.00-11.45	Experiences in measuring isotopic signature of soil and ecosystem level CO2 Christina Biasi (Univ. Kuopio, Finland) Lunch
	Secondary Organic Aerosols Discussion Leader: Armin Hansel (Univ. Innsbruck, Austria)
13-14	Nucleation theory and new particle formation in the atmosphere Ari Laaksonen (Univ. Kuopio, Finland)
14-14.45	Composition of atmospheric aerosols and secondary organic aerosol formation Magda Claeys (Univ. Antwerpen, Belgium)
	Demonstrations
15.00-16.30 Group 1 and 16:30-18.00 Group 2	IRMS demonstrations, Bioteknia 2 Building Pertti Martikainen, Christina Biasi, Hannu Koponen, Hannu Nykänen
15.00-16.30 Group 2 and 16.30-18.00 Group 1	AerosolMS and SOA formation demonstrations, Melania Building Ari Laaksonen, Jorma Joutsensaari, Pasi Yli-Pirilä
Thursday, November 30 Hotel Savonia Auditorium
	Current progress in the ISONET research – Isoprenoid biosynthesis 15 min presentations by ISONET researchers Discussion Leader: Jonathan Gershenzon, (Max Planc ICE, Jena, Germany)
8.30	Regulation of the gene coding for the isoprene synthase in Populus canescens Gyöngyi Cinege, Garmisch-Partenkirchen
8.50	Studying isoprene biosynthesis by using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant Maaria Loivamäki, Garmisch-Partenkirchen
9.10	Daily variation of GPP synthase gene expression, DMADP and GDP levels in Quercus robur leaves Isabel Nogues, Rome
9.30	Effects of elevated O3 exposure on isoprene, methanol and formaldehyde fluxes from poplar leaves Cristian Cojocariu, Lancaster
9.50	The LimaBeanSystem: Monitoring VOC emission Andrea Schaub, Innsbruck
	Coffee Break and Posters
	Current progress of the ISONET research – Isoprenoids in the atmosphere 15 min presentations by ISONET researchers Discussion Leader: Marcel Dicke (Univ. Wageningen, The Netherlands)
10.30	The role of (E)-beta-caryophyllene in resistance to oxidative stress in Arabidopsis Adela SanchezMoreiras, Jena (will be presented by J. Gershenzon)
10.50	The influence of the sesquiterpene (E)betacaryophyllene on the resistance of Arabidopsis to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Mengsu Huang, Jena
11.10	Isoprene: a metabolite with multiple roles in the plant-environment interactions Csengele Barta, Rome
11.30	Impact of climate change on isoprenoids and flammability Mediterranean ecosystem Giorgio Alessio, Barcelona
11.50	Emission Models – State and Progess on leaf, regional and global scale Steffen Noe, Tartu
	Lunch
12.50	Control of biogenic isoprenoid emissions Sue Owen, Barcelona
13.10	The LimaBeanSystem: monitoring behavioural responses Roland Mumm, Wageningen
13.30	Herbivore induced emissions from Norway spruce James Blande, Kuopio
13.50	Degradation of isoprenoids by ozone: Does it disturb plant-insect communication? Delia Pinto, Kuopio
14.10-14.15	Closing of the short course Francesco Loreto (CNR, Rome, Italy)

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